COVID-19 Data Prediction and Visualization in Mainland China

Contemporarily, COVID-19 shows a sign of recurrence in Mainland China. To better understand the situation, this paper investigates the growth pattern of COVID-19 based on the research of past data through regression models. The proposed work collects the data on COVID-19 in Mainland China from January 21st, 2020, to April 30th, 2020, including confirmed, recovered, and death cases. Based on polynomial regression and support vector machine regressor, it predicts the further trend of COVID-19. The paper uses root mean squared error to evaluate the performance of both models and concludes that there is no best model due to the high frequency of daily changes. According to the analysis, support vector machine regressors fit the growth of COVID-19 confirmed case better than polynomial regression does. The best solution is to utilize different types of models to generate a range of prediction result. These results shed light on guiding further exploration of the growth of COVID-19. © 2023 SPIE.

LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS IN A CHILD WITH MULTISYSTEMIC LESIONS ASSOCIATED WITH INFECTED POLIOMYELITIS AND SARS-COV-2, FEATURES OF DIAGNOSTICS. CLINICAL CASE.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is an abnormal clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells. The prognosis varies depending on the form of the disease and organ damage. Any organs and systems can be involved in the pathological process in various combinations. A poor response to standard therapy and an unfavorable prognosis are characteristic of patients with a multisystem form of LCH and involvement of organs at risk. Skin lesions are a classic sign of LCH. Purpose - to describe the complexity and duration of diagnosis of LCH with multisystem damage in a boy aged 2 years and 2 months, infected with poliomyelitis and coronavirus. Clinical case. The first clinical manifestations of LCH in the child debuted with an eczematous-seborrheic rash on the scalp with spread to the limbs and trunk. The child was treated for toxicoderma, hemorrhagic vasculitis at the place of residence for 6 months. The boy lost 1.5 kg of body weight in 1 month. At the time of hospitalization, seborrheic-eczematous rashes on the skin with a hemorrhagic component, trophic-inflammatory changes in the nails of the hands, signs of protein-energy deficiency, stomatitis, gingivitis, hepatosplenomegaly, polyserositis, diabetes insipidus, osteolytic foci of the frontal bones were found. Results of the tests: anemia, thrombocytopenia, hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia, coagulation disorders. The patient had the onset of lower flaccid paraparesis, muscle hypotonia. The boy was diagnosed with a number of infectious complications, including poliomyelitis (a derivative of vaccine poliovirus type 2), COVID-19. The child received LCH-III cytostatic therapy with a positive effect. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies.Copyright © 2023 Institute of Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

NEUTROPHIL TO LYMPHOCYTE RATIO (NLR) PREDICTS FRACTURE IN PATIENTS ON LONG-TERM GLUCOCORTICOID

BackgroundLong-term glucocorticoid (GC) exposure leads to systemic bone loss and fracture. In addition, GC is known to increase white blood cell (WBC) amount and change the distribution of differential count (DC). Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been studied as an optimal marker of subclinical inflammation, predicting the prognosis of cardiovascular diseases, cancers and even covid-19 infection. For patients under long-term GC exposure, the hemogram change might be a potential parameter to predict prognosis.ObjectivesThis pilot study aims to investigate if GC related WBC-DC change, including NLR, is associated with future fractures during 3 years follow-up.MethodsThis retrospective study is based on a registry, conducted in Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, from September 2014 till April 2021, aimed to monitor bone mineral density (BMD) changes and fractures in patients with autoimmune diseases. All recruited patients were followed at least 3 years and took X-ray images annually to capture new fragility fracture, including morphometric vertebral fractures. We screened participants who used GC continuously at least 3 months before the index day. We recorded the complete blood count (CBC) and WBC-DC values at least twice during the period of 3 months before and after the index day, and excluded patients who were febrile, under infection status, diagnosed as cancers or cardiovascular diseases at the index day. The NLR was calculated by the absolute neutrophil count divided by absolute lymphocyte count individually.ResultsA total of 346 participants were enrolled in current study, and 101 (29.2%) suffered from new fragility fracture in 3 years. Among patients with fracture and non-fracture, conventional fracture risk factors, such as age, BMD, and previous fracture remained significantly different, while the WBC revealed no difference (Table 1). Nevertheless, the absolute neutrophil and lymphocyte count were significantly higher and lower in the fracture group, respectively, and no difference in the monocyte, eosinophil, and basophil count. We compared different WBC ratio, and NLR is significantly higher in the fracture group, providing the odds ratio of 1.24 (95% confidence interval 1.07-1.44, p=0.005). Figure 1 showed that the observed fracture risk raised as the NLR values increased.ConclusionIn patients under long-term GC, NLR might be a helpful marker to predict fracture, and higher NLR indicates higher fracture risks.Figure 1.Observed fracture rate is associated with baseline NLR[Figure omitted. See PDF]Table 1.Demographic characteristics of enrolled patients on long-term glucocorticoid.Fracture N=101No-Fracture N=245p-valueAge63.7 ± 9.056.5 ± 9.6<0.001*Sex(women)89(88.1)210(85.7)0.55BMI24.1 ± 3.923.4 ± 3.90.14Previous Fracture64(63.4)55(22.4)<0.001*Total hip BMD0.738 ± 0.1330.790 ± 0.1220.001*Femoral neck BMD0.575 ± 0.1130.626 ± 0.109<0.001*Lumbar BMD0.841 ± 0.2000.855 ± 0.1500.49WBC7.3 ± 2.16.9 ±1.70.14Hemoglobin12.8 ± 1.512.9 ± 1.40.33Platelet239.2 ± 64.7247.9 ± 71.40.30Neutrophil67.3 ± 9.764.3 ± 9.70.009*Lymphocyte24.3 ± 8.726.6 ± 9.50.04*Monocyte6.2 ± 1.86.3 ± 1.60.52Eosinophil1.8 ± 1.81.9 ± 1.30.77Basophil0.4 ± 0.20.4 ± 0.20.18NLR (Neutrophil to lymphocyte)3.3 ± 1.72.8 ± 1.40.004*NMR (Neutrophil to monocyte)11.9 ± 4.511.0 ± 3.60.04*LMR (Lymphocyte to monocyte)4.2 ± 1.74.5 ± 1.90.20AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by funding grant CMRPG8J0331 from the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (https://www.cgmh.org.tw).Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.

[Performance of screening of contacts of COVID-19 cases in same flight].

Objective: To understand the performance of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid detection in screening of contacts of COVID-19 cases in same flights and provide evidence for the effective screening of persons at high risk for the infection in domestic flights. Methods: The information of passengers who took same domestic flights with COVID-19 cases in China from April 1, 2020 to April 30, 2022 were retrospectively collected,and χ2 test was used to analyze positive nucleic acid detection rates in the passengers in different times before the onsets of the index cases, in different seat rows and in epidemic periods of different 2019-nCoV variants. Results: During the study period, a total of 433 index cases were identified among 23 548 passengers in 370 flights. Subsequently, 72 positive cases of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid were detected in the passengers, in whom 57 were accompanying persons of the index cases. Further analysis of the another 15 passengers who tested positive for the nucleic acid showed that 86.67% of them had onsets or positive detections within 3 days after the diagnosis of the index cases, and the boarding times were all within 4 days before the onsets of the index cases. The positive detection rate in the passengers who seated in first three rows before and after the index cases was 0.15% (95%CI: 0.08%-0.27%), significantly higher than in the passengers in other rows (0.04%, 95%CI: 0.02%-0.10%, P=0.007),and there was no significant difference in the positive detection rate among the passengers in each of the 3 rows before and after the index cases (P=0.577). No significant differences were found in the positive detection rate in the passengers, except the accompanying persons, among the epidemics caused by different 2019-nCoV variants (P=0.565). During the Omicron epidemic period, all the positive detections in the passengers, except the accompanying persons, were within 3 days before the onset of the index cases. Conclusions: The screening test of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid can be conducted in the passengers took the same flights within 4 days before the onsets of the index cases on board. Passengers who seated within 3 rows from the index cases can considered as the close contacts at high risk for 2019-nCoV, for whom screening should be conducted first and special managements are needed. The passengers in other rows can be classified as general risk persons for screening and management.

Clinical and laboratory manifestations and pathological anatomical picture of a severe course of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 with a fatal outcome

Aim - to study the clinical and laboratory manifestations of a severe course of COVID-19 in a lethal outcome with an assessment of the pathomorphological picture based on autopsy material. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters, as well as the results of a pathoanatomical study of 54 patients with severe COVID-19 who died in the intensive care unit, was carried out. Results. Among the patients included in the study, women and men were equally divided. The mean age was 73.1+/-1.86 years (median 73 years). An increase in body temperature above 38 degreeS was observed in 81.5% of cases, weakness - in 70.4%, dry cough - in 46.3%, a feeling of lack of air - in 46.3%, muscle pain - in 40.7%. The volume of lung damage by the type of bilateral polysegmental pneumonia with areas of compaction of the type of "frosted glasses" and consolidation was more than 75.0% and was determined in 68.5% of patients. Concomitant diseases were detected in 94.4% of patients. It was found that all patients had a pronounced systemic inflammatory response, as evidenced by an increase in the level of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin in all patients. A decrease in albumin levels was observed in 88.9% of cases. A hypercoagulable shift with intravascular coagulation was noted. Morphological studies revealed damage to the lungs, liver, kidneys and pancreas with the development of thrombovascular changes. Conclusion. A severe course of COVID-19 with a fatal outcome was observed in older patients with clinical, radiological and laboratory manifestations of a systemic inflammatory response, which was accompanied by damage to various organs and systems.Copyright © Authors, 2022.

Turning Crisis into Opportunities: New Insights for Academic Experiences During the Pandemic Inspired from a Cultural-Historical and Activity Theory Perspective in an Autoethnography

The crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically changed many academic practices and situations that used to be taken for granted, leaving academia in a state of shock and chaos. As an individual who tried to meet new demands brought by the changing academic environment, I also experienced a sense of crisis. However, as I tried to meet those new demands, I developed new capabilities and employable skills. In this chapter, I will present selected accounts of my personal experiences in academia, both as a Ph.D. candidate and a higher education teacher during the pandemic. Cultural-historical and activity theory concepts, such as the concept of activity and the concept of crisis, are used to provide analytical insights into my experiences. The new insights helped me shift my perception of crises as something negative to opportunities and potential for development. It is argued that the concepts of activity and crisis can be useful conceptual tools to transform our way of perceiving crises and thus find new developmental conditions for ourselves in challenging situations. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.

The effect of etiotropic therapy on the formation of immune disorders in patients with COVID-19

The course of a new coronavirus infection is associated with immune system disorders during the acute stage of the desease. Administration of effective etiotropic drugs contributes to early elimination of the virus. At the same time, risks of post-COVID immune system disorders are minimized. The aim of the study was to investigate features of the immune response formation against the background of etiotropic therapy in patients who underwent COVID-19. Material and methods. An observational retrospective comparative study was conducted. The study involved patients with COVID-19 3 months after treatment with etiotropic drugs (riamilovir or umifenovir). The study involved 87 patients (52 women and 35 men) with varying degrees of COVID-19 severity. In accordance with the study design, participants were divided into 2 groups: the first group - 41 patients (received riamilovir during the acute period of the disease);the second group - 46 patients (received umifenovir in the acute period of the disease). Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the Statistica 8.0 software package. Extensive indicators, median (Me) and interquarter range Q25-Q75 were calculated. Statistical significance between the indicators of independent samples was assessed by Mann-Whitney nonparametric test and Chi-square test. P-values below 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results and discussion. Analysis of clinical and laboratory data showed that after suffering COVID-19, not all indicators of the immune system in patients who had had COVID-19 recovered to control values. However, it is noted that in patients of the main group, which using riamilovir, compared to the comparison group was less likely to be diagnosed with chronic systemic syndrome, inflammation, dysregulation of the cellular link of immunity in the early post-COVID period.Copyright © Eco-Vector, 2022.

Automatic Diagnosis of COVID-19 Based on Machine Learning

The lives and health of individuals are significantly threatened by the extremely infectious and dangerous Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). For the containment of the epidemic, quick and precise COVID-19 detection and diagnosis are essential. Currently, artificial diagnosis based on medical imaging and nucleic acid detection are the major approaches used for COVID-19 detection and diagnosis. However, nucleic acid detection takes a long time and requires a dedicated test box, while manual diagnosis based on medical images relies too much on professional knowledge, and analysis takes a long time, and it is difficult to find hidden lesions. Thanks to the rapid development of pattern recognition algorithms, building a COVID-19 diagnostic model based on machine learning and clinical symptoms has become a feasible rapid detection solution. In this paper, support vector machines and random forest algorithms are used to build a COVID-19 diagnostic model, respectively. Based on the quantitative comparison of the performance of the two methods, the future development trends in this field are discussed. © 2023 IEEE.

TARGETING THE HOST-VIRUS INTERFACE TO BLOCK SARS-CoV-2 ASSEMBLY IN AIRWAY CELLS

Background: The rapid emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant that evades many therapies illustrates the need for antiviral treatments with high genetic barriers to resistance. The small molecule PAV-104, identified through a moderate-throughput screen involving cell-free protein synthesis, was recently shown to target a subset of host protein assembly machinery in a manner specific to viral assembly with minimal host toxicity. The chemotype shows broad activity against respiratory viral pathogens, including Orthomyxoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Adenoviridae, Herpesviridae, and Picornaviridae, with low susceptibility to evolutionary escape. Here, we investigated the capacity of PAV-104 to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in human airway epithelial cells (AECs). Method(s): Dose-dependent cytotoxicity of PAV-104 in Calu-3 cells was determined by MTT assay. Calu-3 cells were infected with SARS-CoV-2 isolate USA-WA1/2020 (MOI=0.01). Primary AECs were isolated from healthy donor lung transplant tissue, cultured at air liquid interface (ALI), and infected with SARS-CoV-2 Gamma, Delta, and Omicron variants (MOI=0.1). SARS-CoV-2 replication was assessed by RT-PCR quantitation of the N gene, immunofluorescence assay (IFA) of nucleocapsid (N) protein, and titration of supernatant (TCID50). Transient co-expression of four SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins (N, M, S, E) to produce virus-like particles (VLPs) was used to study the effect of PAV-104 on viral assembly. Drug resin affinity chromatography was performed to study the interaction between PAV-104 and N. Glycerol gradient sedimentation was used to assess N oligomerization. Total RNA-seq and the REACTOME database were used to evaluate PAV-104 effects on the host transcriptome. Result(s): PAV-104 reached 50% cytotoxicity in Calu-3 cells at 3732 nM (Fig.1A). 50 nM PAV-104 inhibited >99% of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Calu-3 cells (p< 0.01) and in primary AECs (p< 0.01) (Fig.1B-E). PAV-104 specifically inhibited SARS-CoV-2 post entry, and suppressed production of SARS-CoV-2 VLPs without affecting viral protein synthesis. PAV-104 interacted with SARS-CoV-2 N and interfered with N oligomerization. Transcriptome analysis revealed that PAV-104 treatment reversed SARS-CoV-2 induction of the interferon and maturation of nucleoprotein signaling pathways. Conclusion(s): PAV-104 is a pan-respiratory virus small molecule inhibitor with promising activity against SARS-CoV-2 in human airway epithelial cells that should be explored in animal models and clinical studies.

RADIOLOGY OF RHINOORBITOCEREBRAL MYCORMYCOSIS IN PATIENTS AFTER COVID-19

Purpose. The analysis of CT and MR patterns of rhinoorbitocerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) after COVID-19. Materials and methods. The study included 11 patients with confirmed COVID-19 and invasive ROCM in the long-term period. CT examinations were performed on Revolution EVO CT scanner (GE, Russia) and MRI on Aera MR scanner 1.5 T (Siemens, Germany). Results. We report several CT and MR patterns for a series of patients: involvement of paranasal sinuses, orbits, optic nerves, large arteries;intracranial spread;involvement bones of cranial base. The features of differential diagnosis and recommendations for standard protocols are presented. Conclusion. CT of paranasal sinuses is the method of choice for suspected fungal infections. MRI is recommended if there is a suspicion of orbital, vascular, and intracranial complications or cavernous sinus extension. The combination of both methods makes it possible to showed soft tissue invasion and bony destruction to choose optimal medical tactics ROCM. © 2022 Russian Electronic Journal of Radiology. All rights reserved.

Improved SEIR Model Based on Recovery Rate Optimization to Predict COVID-19

When using the traditional SEIR infectious disease model to predict the trend of novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic, numerous initial parameters need to be tuned, and the parameters cannot change over time during the prediction process, which reduces the accuracy of the model. Firstly, thesis used a logistic model to preprocess the SEIR model parameters and proposed a SEIR model based on time series recovery rate optimization with a new parameter of effective immunity rate. Secondly, the model was trained with epidemic data from domestic and foreign provinces and cities, and the usability of the model was demonstrated experimentally, and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and goodness of fit (R2) were used to compare with other models, which proved the superiority of the model prediction and indicated further research directions. © 2022 IEEE.

Clinical Anatomical Characteristics of Patients with Rhino-Orbit-Cerebral Mucormycosis.

Background. Postponed coronavirus infection (COVID-19), accompanied by an immunosuppressive state and associated with the risk of secondary diseases such as mucormycosis. Diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for both severe COVID-19 and mucormycosis. Aims - our aim was to experience the diagnosis and treatment of rhino-orbitocerebral mucormycosis in post-COVID-19 patients. Materials. A single-center, observational, non-randomized, cohort comparative study was conducted. We assessed the clinical features, risk factors, diagnosis and outcomes of mucormycosis among recovered COVID-19 patients with hospitalisation in the otorhinolaryngology department of the Samara State Medical University Clinics, Samara, from September-December 2021. CT examinations were performed on Revolution EVO CT scanner (GE, Russia) and MRI on Aera MR scanner 1.5 T (Siemens, Germany). Materials for microbiological and histopathological examination were taken from all examined patients intraoperatively. Results. The experience of diagnosing and treating rhinoorbitocerebral mucormycosis in patients after a new coronavirus infection was analyzed, the influence of the complex use of radiation diagnostic methods, histopathological and microbiological methods on the development and effectiveness of mucormycosis treatment was determined. Conclusions. The effectiveness of disease management directly depends on the early initiation of etiotropic treatment, while the role of complex radiological diagnostics, histopathological and microbiological methods is important for early confirmation of the fungal etiology of the disease.Copyright © 2022 Izdatel'stvo Meditsina. All rights reserved.

Severe course of diabetic ketoacidosis due to new coronavirus infection in older children (clinical cases).

The risk of severe type I diabetes mellitus in children with new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is extremely high, which is associated, with a high risk of intracranial hypertension, cerebral edema and multiple organ dysfunction, syndrome. On the example of a clinical case, the features of the course of diabetic ketoacidosis and. intensive care measures in children with COVID-19 were considered. The main data of the history and clinical and laboratory examination are reflected, specialattention is paid to the applied aspects of therapy, it was noted that with a severe course of a new coronavirus infection and diabetic ketoacidosis, the risk of developing cerebral injury, acute kidney injury and. thromboembolic complications is quite high, which, may require artificial lung ventilation, for the purpose of cerebral protection, renal replacement therapy and. the use of anticoagulants. The new coronavirus infection is a risk factor for the severe course of diabetic ketoacidosis in children with type I diabetes, regardless of the age of the child, which is the basis for clinicalalertness in order to timely identify and treat potential life-threatening complications.Copyright © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.

Critical care advisory support and telemedicine technologies for in-hospital medical care in children

The foundations of telemedicine consulting were laid in the 70s of the 20th century. However, development of this direction was significantly accelerated at the beginning of the 21st century. A significant accelerator was the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). The Russian Federation has federal and regional systems that often develop in isolation from each other. At the beginning of the new coronavirus infection pandemic in the Russian Federation, a vertically integrated model for counseling intensive care patients with COVID-19 and pneumonia was created. Various national and foreign studies confirmed high efficiency of telemedicine counseling for in-hospital patients. This is evidenced by less mortality rates and ICU-stay, as well as introduction of modern clinical practice in regional hospitals. Integration of critical care for children is carried out through critical care advisory support centers based on large regional and federal hospitals. The objective of regional centers is decision-making on the need for hospitalization of patients in level III hospitals, while the task of federal centers is management of patients in accordance with modern clinical practice. © 2023, Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved.

Severe course of diabetic ketoacidosis due to new coronavirus infection in older children (clinical cases).

The risk of severe type I diabetes mellitus in children with new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is extremely high, which is associated, with a high risk of intracranial hypertension, cerebral edema and multiple organ dysfunction, syndrome. On the example of a clinical case, the features of the course of diabetic ketoacidosis and. intensive care measures in children with COVID-19 were considered. The main data of the history and clinical and laboratory examination are reflected, specialattention is paid to the applied aspects of therapy, it was noted that with a severe course of a new coronavirus infection and diabetic ketoacidosis, the risk of developing cerebral injury, acute kidney injury and. thromboembolic complications is quite high, which, may require artificial lung ventilation, for the purpose of cerebral protection, renal replacement therapy and. the use of anticoagulants. The new coronavirus infection is a risk factor for the severe course of diabetic ketoacidosis in children with type I diabetes, regardless of the age of the child, which is the basis for clinicalalertness in order to timely identify and treat potential life-threatening complications.Copyright © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.

Severe course of diabetic ketoacidosis due to new coronavirus infection in older children (clinical cases).

The risk of severe type I diabetes mellitus in children with new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is extremely high, which is associated, with a high risk of intracranial hypertension, cerebral edema and multiple organ dysfunction, syndrome. On the example of a clinical case, the features of the course of diabetic ketoacidosis and. intensive care measures in children with COVID-19 were considered. The main data of the history and clinical and laboratory examination are reflected, specialattention is paid to the applied aspects of therapy, it was noted that with a severe course of a new coronavirus infection and diabetic ketoacidosis, the risk of developing cerebral injury, acute kidney injury and. thromboembolic complications is quite high, which, may require artificial lung ventilation, for the purpose of cerebral protection, renal replacement therapy and. the use of anticoagulants. The new coronavirus infection is a risk factor for the severe course of diabetic ketoacidosis in children with type I diabetes, regardless of the age of the child, which is the basis for clinicalalertness in order to timely identify and treat potential life-threatening complications.Copyright © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.

Outcome of COVID-19 in children: results of a 12-month follow-up.

At present, there are isolated data on the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in children, especially those who have experienced asymptomatic and mild forms of infection. Purpose(s): to analyze the nature and frequency of post-COVID symptoms in children during 12 months. after recovery. Materials and methods. The influence of demographic indicators, premorbid background, severity of infection and therapy in the acute period of the disease on the nature and frequency of symptoms in 1079 children who underwent laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 was studied. The results are presented with proportions (%) and calculation of 95% confidence interval according to Klopper-Pearson. Differences between groups were assessed using Pearson's chi-square test. Differences in the groups were considered statistically significant at p < 0,05. Results. Health disorders in the post-COVID period were observed in 8,5% of children, more often in schoolchildren aged 7-17 years (68.4%). Concomitant conditions were found in 38,0%. In most cases, the consequences were noted after a mild form of COVID-19 (77.2%), however, 13,0% of patients experienced an asymptomatic form of infection. Among convalescents, changes in the emotional sphere (2,1%), headache (1,8%), symptoms of asthenia (1,6%), cardiovascular (1,5%), dyspeptic (1,3%) were more often observed, cognitive (1,3%) disorders, neurotic disorders (1,0%), less often respiratory (0.8%), endocrine (0,4%) and visual (0,4%) systems, musculoskeletal system were involved (0.2%). Girls were significantly more likely to have vegetative disorders, while boys were significantly more likely to suffer from cognitive functions. Various antiviral therapy options (interferon-alpha, an oral antiviral drug, or a combination thereof) in the acute period of COVID-19 did not affect the possibility of post-COVID disorders, but there was a tendency to increase the frequency in children who did not receive etiotropic treatment (control group). In 14.1% of cases, post-COVID symptoms appeared late - after 5-10 months. after recovery. The course of rehabilitation therapy, including drug treatment and non-drug methods, made it possible to quickly restore the state of health of the observed children. Conclusion. In most cases, the violations were of a functional nature, due to a disorder of autonomic regulation. Rehabilitation and dispensary observation programs will allow timely restoration of the quality of life of children who have had COVID-19, including in a mild and asymptomatic form.Copyright © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.

Outcome of COVID-19 in children: results of a 12-month follow-up

At present, there are isolated data on the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in children, especially those who have experienced asymptomatic and mild forms of infection. Purpose: to analyze the nature and frequency of post-COVID symptoms in children during 12 months. after recovery. Materials and methods. The influence of demographic indicators, premorbid background, severity of infection and therapy in the acute period of the disease on the nature and frequency of symptoms in 1079 children who underwent laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 was studied. The results are presented with proportions (%) and calculation of 95% confidence interval according to Klopper-Pearson. Differences between groups were assessed using Pearson's chi-square test. Differences in the groups were considered statistically significant at p < 0,05. Results. Health disorders in the post-COVID period were observed in 8,5% of children, more often in schoolchildren aged 7–17 years (68.4%). Concomitant conditions were found in 38,0%. In most cases, the consequences were noted after a mild form of COVID-19 (77.2%), however, 13,0% of patients experienced an asymptomatic form of infection. Among convalescents, changes in the emotional sphere (2,1%), headache (1,8%), symptoms of asthenia (1,6%), cardiovascular (1,5%), dyspeptic (1,3%) were more often observed, cognitive (1,3%) disorders, neurotic disorders (1,0%), less often respiratory (0.8%), endocrine (0,4%) and visual (0,4%) systems, musculoskeletal system were involved (0.2%). Girls were significantly more likely to have vegetative disorders, while boys were significantly more likely to suffer from cognitive functions. Various antiviral therapy options (interferon-alpha, an oral antiviral drug, or a combination thereof) in the acute period of COVID-19 did not affect the possibility of post-COVID disorders, but there was a tendency to increase the frequency in children who did not receive etiotropic treatment (control group). In 14.1% of cases, post-COVID symptoms appeared late – after 5–10 months. after recovery. The course of rehabilitation therapy, including drug treatment and non-drug methods, made it possible to quickly restore the state of health of the observed children. Conclusion. In most cases, the violations were of a functional nature, due to a disorder of autonomic regulation. Rehabilitation and dispensary observation programs will allow timely restoration of the quality of life of children who have had COVID-19, including in a mild and asymptomatic form. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.

Outcome of COVID-19 in children: results of a 12-month follow-up.

At present, there are isolated data on the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in children, especially those who have experienced asymptomatic and mild forms of infection. Purpose(s): to analyze the nature and frequency of post-COVID symptoms in children during 12 months. after recovery. Materials and methods. The influence of demographic indicators, premorbid background, severity of infection and therapy in the acute period of the disease on the nature and frequency of symptoms in 1079 children who underwent laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 was studied. The results are presented with proportions (%) and calculation of 95% confidence interval according to Klopper-Pearson. Differences between groups were assessed using Pearson's chi-square test. Differences in the groups were considered statistically significant at p < 0,05. Results. Health disorders in the post-COVID period were observed in 8,5% of children, more often in schoolchildren aged 7-17 years (68.4%). Concomitant conditions were found in 38,0%. In most cases, the consequences were noted after a mild form of COVID-19 (77.2%), however, 13,0% of patients experienced an asymptomatic form of infection. Among convalescents, changes in the emotional sphere (2,1%), headache (1,8%), symptoms of asthenia (1,6%), cardiovascular (1,5%), dyspeptic (1,3%) were more often observed, cognitive (1,3%) disorders, neurotic disorders (1,0%), less often respiratory (0.8%), endocrine (0,4%) and visual (0,4%) systems, musculoskeletal system were involved (0.2%). Girls were significantly more likely to have vegetative disorders, while boys were significantly more likely to suffer from cognitive functions. Various antiviral therapy options (interferon-alpha, an oral antiviral drug, or a combination thereof) in the acute period of COVID-19 did not affect the possibility of post-COVID disorders, but there was a tendency to increase the frequency in children who did not receive etiotropic treatment (control group). In 14.1% of cases, post-COVID symptoms appeared late - after 5-10 months. after recovery. The course of rehabilitation therapy, including drug treatment and non-drug methods, made it possible to quickly restore the state of health of the observed children. Conclusion. In most cases, the violations were of a functional nature, due to a disorder of autonomic regulation. Rehabilitation and dispensary observation programs will allow timely restoration of the quality of life of children who have had COVID-19, including in a mild and asymptomatic form.Copyright © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.

Expert consensus on diagnosing & treating pediatric surgical diseases during the epidemic period of COVID -19.

Ever since late December 2019, corona virus disease 2019 (COVID -19) has been reported in China. It presents a general trend of a global pandemic. By consulting the relevant Chinese government regulations and the latest publications of COVID -19, more than 20 pediatric surgical specialists from China formulated the Expert Consensus of COVID -19 Prevention and Control Protocol. Suitable for clinical practices, it provides recommendations for children's hospitals and pediatric surgical institutions at domestic and abroad.Copyright © 2020 by the Chinese Medical Association.